Showing posts with label gay. Show all posts
Showing posts with label gay. Show all posts

Friday, 23 August 2013

Corrigendum to previous post

This post is a corrigendum to the previous post, which you can either read by scrolling down a bit or here.

This corrigendum is being issued as a result of blogger and general talker of sense, Michael Bench-Capon, who alerted me to an error in the model presented in the previous post.

The error comes from the fact that I suggested that CF and DG parents would mate as one third CF-CF, one third DG-DG and one third CF-DG. I was muddled and forgetting about men having to mate with women and in fact you have one quarter CF-CF, one quarter DG-DG and one half CF-DG. This is, as was explained to me, down to the same maths as that which explains why you get 1/4 heads-heads, 1/4 tails-tails and 1/2 heads-tails when you flip two coins.

Anyway, correcting this error threw something of a spanner in my model's works, because it meant that 1/8 of offspring emerging from DG and CF mating amongst themselves were gay, which made 11.5 out of 90 given the parameters in the previous post. Clearly, if a population with 10 gay people brings forth 11.5 (or more) gay people, then it isn't sustainable in the sense of maintaining the same levels, but has a growing gay population.

The aim of this exercise is to show that a population can maintain a steady rate of 10% gay people.

Given the new, correct, maths, I had to fiddle with my spreadsheet, but I found that 10 gay people could be sustained in a population of 100 if:
  • we have a split 10 CG, 34 CF, 34 DG, 22 DF (this means 22 dirty fighty people)
  • the 68 normally-attractive people produce 72 children amongst themselves - this is around 2.18 kids each, a fair bit less than the 2.25 in the first (erroneous) post
  • the 10 CG (gay) people only produce 2 kids, both of whom are made from reproductions with DG or CF 
  • the other 26 kids are a result of DF-CF and DF-DG reproductions.
 In detail, this means that you have:
  • 18 kids from CF-CF, all of whom are CF
  • 18 kids from DG-DG, all of whom are DG
  • 36 kids from CF-DG, of whom:
    • 9 are CG (gay)
    • 9 are CF
    • 9 are DG
    • 9 are DF.
  • One kid from CG-CF, of whom:
    • 0.5 will be CG (gay)
    • 0.5 will be CF
  • One kid from CG-DG, of whom:
    •  0.5. will be CG (gay)
    • 0.5 will be DG
  • 13 kids from  DF-CF, of whom:
    • 6.5 will be CF
    • 6.5 will be DF
  • 13 kids from DF-DG, of whom:
    • 6.5 will be DG
    • 6.5 will be DF.

Unless I've made another mistake, this gives you 100 kids, who are split 10 CG, 34 CF, 34 DG, 22 DF, the same as what we started with.

The most interesting thing to note here is that, given the correct maths, the gay people have to have far fewer kids and the dirty fighty people can get away with being significantly less unattractive than with the wrong maths.

And as real life uses correct maths, this shows that it's even more possible to sustain a level of 10% gay people within a population than I suggested in my first post.





Wednesday, 21 August 2013

Being gay being genetic is (obviously) possible

I am not a geneticist. I do, however, have both a GCSE in Biology and an interest in the propagation of sense.

Some people think that being gay can’t be genetic because it’s counter-evolutionary to want to have sex with people you can’t have babies with. Even some people who know quite a lot about genetics don’t always, when confronted, give a quick and simple explanation of how it’s possible for being gay to be maintained at a level of 10% in a population, even if:
• gay people have fewer children than non-gay people
• being gay has a purely genetic basis.

This post is my attempt at such a quick and simple explanation. I am not claiming that the proposed model reflects reality – it is radically simplified, uses the word "gene" where often "gene or combination of genes" would be more appropriate, it's highly symmetrical and it has very few variables. However, if I can come up with a simple model that works with relatively little effort, maybe it will help convince people that nature, which is quite complicated, can come up with a method that works too.

Right, my model is very simple and relies on two basic assumptions (as well as the aforementioned conditions):
• being gay is a result of someone having two particular genes
• these genes, when someone only has one of them, cause that person to have more children than if they don’t have either.

Genes having different effects when they are differently combined is well known and can be demonstrated by the following (also very simple) example: If there were a gene for getting lairy and a gene for being strong (both quite feasible), then people with both would get into fights and win them and people with just the lairy gene would get into fights and lose them. The lairy gene can therefore lead to both increased and diminished survival rates, depending on whether the person also has the strong gene or not.

In my model, I am assuming:
• a gene for being fighty (F) contrasting with a gene for being genial (G)
• a gene for being dirty (D) contrasting with a gene for being clean (C).

I apologise slightly for using stereotypical gay traits (being genial and clean), but this is not intended to offend and should help keep the model clear.

Given these genes, people can have one of four gene combinations, three of which lead to the person being straight and one of which causes the person to be gay. Additionally, some of the straight people are more attractive than the others.
In summary:
• clean and genial (CG) = gay
• clean and fighty (CF) = straight and normally attractive
• dirty and genial (DG) = straight and normally attractive
• dirty and fighty (DF) = straight and less than normally attractive.

Now, based on this setup, I want to see if a population can maintain a rate of 10% gay people (CG). As my dirty fighty people (DF) are also less attractive, there can be less of them as well, so for simplicity let’s say there are 10% of them too. This leaves 80%, which we can split 50/50 between CF and DG, in this case making 40% of each.
So to start with we have:
• CG – 10% (gay)
• CF – 40%
• DG – 40%
• DF – 10% (straight but not very attractive because dirty and fighty).

The next step is an obvious one. It translates the percentages into real numbers by assuming a population of 100 people so that we can test to see what happens when they start mating.

If we’re assuming gay people have fewer children than straight people, and the dirty fighty (DF) people also have fewer children than people who are only dirty or fighty, then most children will be had by CF and DG amongst themselves. And we want to find out what the proportions of parent combinations are within a self-sustaining population, which means remaining the same size (100) and with the same distribution (10, 40, 40, 10).

You could do this with simultaneous equations but I threw a spreadsheet together and fiddled with the parameters because I found it more fun.

I found that if each CF or DG person has 2.25 children with another CF or DG person, then this gives 80*2.25/2 children, = 90. If people have no preference for CF or DG, then:
• One third will have CF and CF parents
• One third will have DG and DG parents
• One third will have one CF and one DG parent.

This makes 30 of each. All CF-CF parents will produce CF children. All DG-DG parents will produce DG children. The CF-DG parents will produce:
• One quarter (7.5) CF children
• One quarter (7.5) CG children (gay)
• One quarter (7.5) DF children
• One quarter (7.5) DG children

So the 90 kids of CF and DG mating amongst themselves turn out as:
• 37.5 CF
• 37.5 DG
• 7.5 CG (gay)
• 7.5 DF

For the population to sustain itself, it needs 10 more children. This doesn’t seem unreasonable, as some gay people have children and some dirty fighty people might have children too. As the CF and DG people are the most attractive, we can assume that one of them will still be involved in the remaining 10 reproductions.

So, keeping things simple, we have 2.5 kids from each of the following four parent combinations:
• CG and CF
• CG and DG
• DF and CF
• DF and DG.

These 2.5 kids in each combination are then distributed as follows.
• CG-CF gives 1.25 CG (gay) and 1.25 CF
• CG-DG gives 1.25 CG (gay) and 1.25 DG
• DF-CF gives 1.25 DF and 1.25 CF
• DF-DG gives 1.25 DF and 1.25 DG

In total, that gives us 10 children, of whom:
• 2.5 are CF
• 2.5 are DG
• 2.5 are CG (gay)
• 2.5 are DF

Added to the children from earlier who had solely CF and DG parents, this gives us:
• 40 CF
• 40 DG
• 10 CG (gay)
• 10 DF

This is exactly the same distribution as we started with. So it can be done!

Clearly, this model is very simple and probably very different from how nature has managed to maintain its rate of having 10% gay people (or quite possibly more) within the human population.

However, I hope that my demonstration of how staggeringly simplistic such a system could be will finally put a stop to suggestions that it is entirely impossible, or even paradoxical, for being gay to have a genetic basis.

Because it’s so very possible that it’s actually true.

PS: It’s quite obvious, but worth a PS to mention that my model also shows that you don’t have to have gay parents to be gay yourself. Just like in real life.

PPS: I've just realised that it might have  been a bit silly to choose the word "genial" in a piece about genes. Hope no-one got too confused.

Saturday, 1 September 2012

Why Gervais is wrong on fat people

English translation follows the German text.
Guten Tag. Heute werde ich euch erklären, warum Ricky Gervais in seinen Ansichten "den Fetten" gegenüber falsch liegt. Ich werde den Terminus so weiter nutzen, weil das sein Begriff ist und wenn ich einen anderen Begriff nehmen würde, könnte er (zu unrecht, versteht sich) behaupten, er hätte was Anderes gemeint. Also: ich versuche mich kurz zu fassen (hast du gut geschafft - Anmerkung der Redaktion) - es ist nicht kompliziert, was ich sagen will, also müsste es auch kurz gehen.

Gervais gewinnt viel Humour dadurch, dass er "die Fetten" auslacht. In Ordnung. Kann er ruhig. Was mich aber stört, ist dass er behauptet, fett-sein hätte rein gar nichts mit Natur und wäre dadurch kein bisschen mit schwul-sein zu vergleichen. Er will sich hier als "liberal" positionieren, indem er zugibt, dass Schwul-sein etwas Natürliches (von Natur aus Bestimmtes) ist und nicht etwas, was man lernt oder was man jemandem austreiben kann. Da hat er natürlich Recht, aber nur die allerdämlichsten denken da anders. Wenn Stalin erkannt hätte, dass Kätzchen süß sein können, hätte das seine Untaten auch nicht gerechtfertigt.

In einem Teil seiner Show (Gervais', nicht Stalins) führt er den Vergleich zwischen "Fetten" und Schwulen ab absurdum, indem er sich vorstellt, dass ein Junge von seinem Vater zum 16. Geburtstag einen Penis zum lutschen bekommt und von seinem Vater quasi gepusht wird, den zu lutschen - ob er will oder nicht. Der Vergleich (und, nebenbei bemerkt, der Witz) kann nur funktionieren, wenn Gervais und sein Publikum darin einig sind, dass "Fette" nur fett werden, weil sie von ihren Eltern quasi gezwungen werden, Kuchen, Butter und fritierte Blutwurst zu essen. Als würde das Kind von allein aus keine Lust auf Essen haben. Als würde ein Kind, für sich alleine gelassen, nur immer genau das Essen wollen, was zu seinem von Ernährungswissenschaftlern des 21. Jahrhunderts errechneten "idealen Gewicht" führen würde. Schwer vorstellbar.

Das Kind, wie der Mensch, hat - evolutionstechnisch gesehen - seinen Essenszwang in einer völlig anderen Umgebung entwickelt als der heutigen (ich spreche hauptsächlich von der westeuropäischen) Welt. Gervais behauptet an mancher Stelle seiner Show was von Evolution zu verstehen (wobei er natürlich ziemliche Schwierigkeiten damit hat, den Eindruck zu erwecken, mehr als ein "Evolution für Dummies"-Heftchen gelesen zu haben und wahrscheinlich hat er davon nur einen Bruchteil (und keinen allzu großen Bruchteil - ich schätze 2/5 als maximum) verstanden), aber wenn er verstünde, dass moderne Menschen das Ergebnis eines ziemlich langen Evolutionsprozesses sind, würde er auch wissen, dass Essen für unsere Vorfahren überlebensnotwendig war. Auch heute ist es ziemlich schwer, es bis in ein fortpflanzungsfähiges Alter zu wachsen, ohne mal was gegessen zu haben. Essen gehört also zu den Grundmechanismen des Körpers, auf den keiner verzichten kann, wenn er überhaupt was werden soll. Wie heißt es so schön, "Timmy, iss doch deine Bohnen, mit der Einstellung wirst du nie Präsident." (Quelle unbekannt).

Und genau wie andere überlebensnotwendige Grundmechanismen wie Atmen, sich von Bakterien und Viren Fernhalten, Urinieren, Kacken, Vögeln, Trinken, Sprechen, Riechen (transitiv), Hören, Schmecken, Lieben, Hassen, Schwitzen, Stinken, Gesichtsmimik unbewusst und bewusst ändern etc. etc. gibt es ein großes Spektrum an Menschen, bei denen diese Dinge unterschiedlich ausgeprägt sind.

Wir schwitzen alle, aber manche schwitzen beim Kacken. Andere schwitzen, wenn es bald regnen wird. Manche vögeln, wenn die jemanden lieben und als potenzielle Mutter ihres Kindes erkannt haben und andere vögeln andauerend mit diversen Leuten jeden Geschlechtes. Und das sind meines Erachtens alle größtenteils von Natur aus bestimmte Unterschiede, die eingebaut sind - aber da ich hier nicht das falsche Argument anfangen will - selbst wenn das Unterschiede sind, die durch Erziehung von bestimmten Eltern oder einer bestimmten Gesellschaft zustande kommen, sind das trotzdem grundlegende Unterschiede, die die Individuen sich angeeignet haben - Auf Basis ihre Fähigkeiten, die sie sich als Spezies entwickelt haben, versuchen sie dann so zu kombinieren, damit sie mit den Spezifika der eigenen Gene und der eigenen Umgebung zurecht kommen. Manche Typen schwitzen echt mehr als die gerne würden, können halt nicht viel dafür. Manche hören schlechter. Manche verlieben sich in jede Schönheit, die an der Baustelle vorbeiläuft. Und beim Essen essen manche mehr und manche weniger.

Und wenn Gervais sagt, sie sollten einfach nur die Menge an Kalorien zu sich nehmen, die sie durch Bewegung und Stoffwechsel verbrennen, dann sehe ich das genauso wie einen absurden Befehl, nur so viel von Scheiße zu riechen, damit du weißt es nicht zu essen, aber damit dir nicht wirklich übel wird. Manchen wird durch einen Scheißgeruch übel. Ist Pech, wenn man so will, aber dann versuchen die halt einen Job in der Altenpflege zu vermeiden und kommen auch ganz ok als glücklicher Mensch durch die Welt. Und das dürfen die ja auch.

Nur jetzt bei den Schwulen zurück zu landen. Gervais' Vergleich fällt auch flach, weil Schwul-sein etwas viel Digitaleres ist als Fett-sein. Es gibt Bisexuelle, es gibt Menschen mit den verschiedensten sexuellen Trieben, aber es bleibt immerhin ziemlich Digital (ja ich weiß, das könnte etwas paradox klingen, aber ich erkläre es noch). Es gibt schon eine ziemlich klar definierte Linie, wo die meisten Leute für sich sagen können - "ich bin schwul" oder "ich bin nicht schwul". Dass das keine freie Entscheidung ist, wissen wir (sieh. Katholiken, die sich quälen, weil sie ihrer Religion nach nicht schwul sein dürfen und dann ein Leben verzweifelter Enthaltsamkeit führen - noch andere schwule Katholiken leben dann auch eine glücklicke Enthaltsamkeit oder andere vereinbaren das irgendwie, aber keiner davon hat's besonders easy, denke ich). Aber es ist sozusagen ein Schalter, der (vereinfacht) ein oder aus sein kann. Und das ist ziemlich simpel. Was vielleicht der Grund ist, warum sogar Gervais es verstehen kann.

Es ist ein ziemlich simples Konzept, wie Gut und Böse, Lebenig und Tot, Gervais und intelligent. Bei "den Fetten" ist es natürlich viel schwieriger, solche Grenzlinien zu setzen, da der Essenszwang offensichtlich was Analoges ist wie Körpergröße oder Nasenlänge. Es ist nicht so einfach, die Menschen in "klein" und "groß" zu sortieren, wie in "schwul" und "nicht-schwul", denn die menschlichen Körpergrößen bilden ein kontinuierliches ununterbrochenes Spektrum, das auf die feinen Unterschiede in den Genen (bzw. in der Erziehung) zurückzuführen ist. Gervais checkt das nicht, was auch seine für meine Ohren ziemlich hässliche Begriffsverwendung "die Fetten" erklärt.

So. Ich bin fertig. Ich sollte auch sagen, ich fand Ricky Gervais früher ziemlich lustig und ich fand übergewichtige Menschen früher auch nicht immer so attraktiv (eigentlich sehe ich immer noch die schön- und gesundheitlichen Vorteile von schlank-sein), aber seitdem ich mir Gervais' Dämlichkeitsstrahl angeguckt habe, erkenne ich die Selbstverständlichkeit der Anti-Gervais-Position und ich bin jetzt stolzer Vertreter dieser Seite.

Ich hasse jetzt Ricky Gervais und alles, was ich jetzt von ihm sehe, bestätigt meine Meinung immer wieder, dass er ein pseudo-intellektueller Schwätzer ist, der das aber schon selber über sich erkannt hat und in stetiger Angst davor lebt, von seinen Fans auch erkannt zu werden. Ich bin mir ziemlich sicher, dass seine Comedy-Kollegen schon längst wissen, wer und was er ist, aber ihn irgendwie dulden, weil er als kleiner Fisch nur ein bisschen rumnervt und keinen großen Schaden anrichten zu können.

Aber ich hasse ihn.

Bis morgen.
Good day.

Today I am going to explain to you why Ricky Gervais is wrong in his views about „fat people“. I am going to continue to use that term because it’s his word and if I were to use a different one then he could claim (falsely, of course) that he meant something else. So: I will try to keep it short (well done on that one – Ed) – what I want to say isn’t very complicated, so it should be straightforward enough.

Gervais gets a lot of humour out of laughing at “fat people”. OK. Go for it. But what bothers me is that he claims that being fat has absolutely nothing at all to do with nature and that it is for this reason in no way comparable with being gay. He does this to try to position himself as “liberal” by admitting that being gay is something natural (determined by nature) and not something which you learn or which you can beat out of someone. He’s right there, of course but only the very stupidest people think anything else. If Stalin had recognised that kittens can be sweet, this still wouldn’t have justified his wrongdoings.

In one part of his show (Gervais‘, not Stalin’s) he takes the comparison between “fat people” and gay people ad absurdum by imagining that a boy gets given a penis to suck on his 16th birthday by his father and is then basically pushed into sucking it by his father – whether he wants to or not. The comparison (and, incidentally, the joke) can only work if Gervais and his audience are in agreement that “fat people” only become fat because they basically get forced by their parents to eat cake, butter and deep-fried black pudding. As though a child wouldn’t be interesting in eating on its own. As though a child, left to its own devices, would only want to eat what would lead to his “ideal weight” as calculated by 21st century nutritional scientists. Hard to believe.

Children, like people, have – in evolutionary terms – developed their hunger drive in a completely different environment than in today’s (mainly talking about Western Europe) world. Gervais claims occasionally to understand something of evolution (though he obviously has considerable difficulty in creating the impression that he’s read more than a “bluffer’s guide to evolution” and he probably only understood a fraction (and not a very big fraction, we’re talking 2/5 max.) of that), but if he did understand that modern humans are the product of quite a long evolutionary process, then he would also know that, for our ancestors, eating was necessary for survival. Even today, it is quite difficult to grow to an age where you’re capable of reproduction without having eaten anything. So eating is one of the fundamental mechanisms of the body which no-one can go without if he wants to make anything of himself. What’s that quote, “Timmy, eat your greens, with that attitude you’ll never make it to the White House.” (Source unknown).

And just like other fundamental mechanisms which are necessary for survival like breathing, keeping away from bacteria and viruses, urinating, shitting, screwing, drinking, speaking, smelling (transitive), hearing, tasting, loving, hating, sweating, stinking, consciously and unconsciously altering your facial expression etc. etc. there is a broad spectrum of people, for whom all these things are developed in a variety of ways and to a variety of extents.

We all sweat, but some sweat while shitting. Others sweat when it’s going to rain. Some people screw because they love someone and see them as potential mother of their child and others screw constantly with all kind of people of both sexes. And these are all, I think, largely differences defined by nature, which are in-built – but because I don’t want to start the wrong argument here – even if those are differences which are caused by an upbringing with certain parents or in a certain society, they are still fundamental differences which the individuals have assumed into their persons – on the basis of their abilities which they have developed as a species, they try to combine them in such a way so that they can fit in with the specifics of their own genes and their own environment. Some people sweat a lot more than they would like to but can’t do much about it. Some people hear worse. Some people fall in love with every beauty who walks past the building site. And when eating some eat more and some eat less.

And if Gervais says they should just consume the amount of calories which they burn up by moving and metabolising, then I see that as being just as absurd as commanding someone to only smell as much of a shit so that you know not to eat it but so that it won’t make you too queasy. Some people get queasy from the smell of shit. It’s bad luck, if you like, but then these people just try to avoid a job caring for the elderly and they get by just fine as contented people within this would. And they’re welcome to.

Now to get back to gay people. Gervais’ comparison also falls down because being gay is far more digital than being fat. There are bisexual people, there are people with all kind of different sexual desires but it’s still fairly digital (I know that might sound somewhat paradoxical but I’ll explain it). There is a fairly clearly defined line, where most people can say for themselves “I’m gay” or “I’m not gay”. That that isn’t a free decision, is well-known (look at Catholics who torture themselves because their religion doesn’t let them be gay and so they lead a life of desperate abstinence – other gay Catholics live in contented abstinence and others manage that in some other way, but I don’t think it’s too easy for any of them). But it is like a switch which (simplified) can either be on or off. And that is pretty simple. Which is maybe the reason why even Gervais can understand it.

It’s a pretty simple concept, like good and evil, alive and dead, Gervais and intelligent. With “fat people” though, it’s obviously a lot more difficult to draw such divisions, because the hunger drive is clearly something analogue like height or nose length. It’s not as easy to sort people into “short” and “tall” as it is with “gay” and “not gay”, because human heights form a continuous uninterrupted spectrum which can be traced back to fine differences in the genes (or in the upbringing). Gervais doesn’t understand that, which also explains his use of the term “fat people” which sounds a bit ugly in my ears.

Right. I’m done. I should also say that I used to find Ricky Gervais quite funny and I used to find overweight people not all that attractive (I can actually still see the attraction and health benefits of being thin), but since I’ve watched Gervais’ stream of idiocy, I’ve recognised the patent obviousness of the Anti-Gervais position and I am now a proud representative of this side.

I now hate Ricky Gervais and everything of his that I now see confirms my view again and again, that he is a pseudo-intellectual bullshitter, who has howerver already realised this about himself and lives in constant fear that his fans will also realise this. I’m pretty sure that his comedy colleagues realised a long time ago, who and what he is, but tolerate him because, being a little fish, he just irritates people a bit without being able to do much real damage.

But I hate him.

See you tomorrow.